The role of pacas of captivity as a potential reservoir of zoonotic fungi in Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil / O papel de pacas de cativeiro como potencial reservatório de fungos zoonóticos no Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil

Wild animals can be natural reservoirs of different microorganisms, essential for monitoring these pathogens for the generation of knowledge and creation of tools aimed at programs for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including zoonoses. The objective was to report the fungal diversity in the skin of pacas in captivity in Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. Twenty-six animals were evaluated, from which skin samples were collected by superficial scraping, hair avulsion, and sterile plastic brush. The samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, and the phenotypic characteristics of the colonies were analyzed. In 80.8% of the samples, different fungi were isolated, from the genera Candida, Microsporum,and Trichophyton, among others. This is the first description of the identification of fungi in the skin of pacas and suggests that these animals can be considered essential reservoirs of saprophytic or pathogenic microorganisms with zoonotic potential in the Western Amazon.(AU)

Animais silvestres podem ser reservatórios naturais de diferentes microrganismos, sendo fundamental o monitoramento destes patógenos para a geração de conhecimento e criação de ferramentas direcionadas a programas de prevenção e controle de enfermidades infecciosas, incluindo as zoonoses. Assim, objetivou-se relatar a diversidade fúngica da pele de pacas criadas em cativeiro no Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram avaliados 26 animais, dos quais amostras cutâneas foram colhidas por raspagem superficial, avulsão pilosa e escova plástica estéril. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar Mycosel e as características fenotípicas das colônias foram analisadas. Em 80,8% das amostras houve isolamento de diferentes fungos, dos gêneros Candida, Microsporum e Trichophyton, dentre outros. Esta é a primeira descrição da identificação de fungos na pele de pacas e sugere que estes animais podem ser considerados importantes reservatórios de microrganismos saprófitas ou patogênicos, de potencial zoonótico, na Amazônia Ocidental.(AU)

Aislamiento de Sporothrix pallida y Trichophyton rubrum en onicomicosis de mano / Isolation of Sporothrix pallida and Trichophyton rubrum in hand onychomycosis

Se presenta un caso de onicomicosis de mano, de la cual se aisló en repetidas ocasiones Sporothrix pallida y Trichophyton rubrum. Se discute sobre los principales agentes de onicomicosis, el rol de los hon- gos ambientales y del aislamiento de S.pallida en este y en otro tipo de muestras.

It reports a case of hand onychomycosis, which was isolated repeatedly Sporothrix pallida and Trichophyton rubrum. We discuss the main agents of onychomycosis, the role of the environmental fungi and S.pallida isolation in this and other samples.

Tiña incógnita: a propósito de dos casos y breve revisión de la literatura / EspañolInglésPortuguésTinea incognito: report of two cases and brief review of literature

Se presentan dos casos de niños con tiña facial modificada por el empleo prolongado de corticoides tópicos de alta potencia. Las típicas placas circulares u ovaladas, únicas o múltiples bien delimitadas de borde eritemato-vesiculoso levantado activo, de extensión periférica con aclaramiento del centro lesional, poco inflamatorias y muchas veces asintomáticas que afectan la cara, tronco y/o extremidadescambian su morfología y evolución debido al efecto inmunodepresor del fármaco.

We present two cases of children with facial ringworm modified by the prolonged use of high potency topical corticosteroids. The typical circular or oval lesions, single or multiple, with well-defined and raised redscaly edge and active borders with peripheral extension and center clearance; little inflammatory activity and often asymptomatic affecting the face, trunk and / or extremities change theirmorphology and evolution due to immunosuppressive effect of the drug.

Tinea capitis inflamatoria por Trichophyton tonsurans var. sulfureum / Inflammatory tinea capitis by Trichophyton tonsurans var. sulfureum

Los dermatofitos constituyen un grupo de hongos queratinofílicos y queratinolíticos que pueden producir lesiones en piel y sus anexos en animales y el hombre. Las lesiones pueden variar de intensidad desde leves a severas, algunas de las cuales son altamente inflamatorias. Trichophyton tonsurans es un dermatofito antropofílico agente de tiñas no inflamatorias, de piel y raramente de uñas. Es altamente contagioso, que se adquiere por contacto interhumano y de escasa presentación en nuestro medio. Raramente y asociado a estados de inmunocompromiso ocasiona tiña inflamatoria de cuero cabelludo (Kerion Celsi o Querión de Celso). Kerion Celsi es una lesión altamente inflamatoria y supurativa, generalmente causada por dermatofitos zoofílicos que se transmiten de animales al hombre, la cual representa una respuesta inmune exagerada del huésped a la presencia del hongo. Se documenta un caso de Kerion Celsi a T. tonsurans presentado por un niño de 4 años de edad, sin inmunocompromiso, residente en el interior de la provincia. Se trata del primer caso local de tinea capitis altamente inflamatoria a T. tonsurans. El propósito es demostrar que el hongo, a pesar de ser antropofílico, puede ocasionar esta forma clínica en paciente sin inmunocompromiso. Su existencia en el medio requiere de diagnóstico rápido, de extremar medidas higiénicas y posterior control para evitar su propagación.

The dermatophytes are keratinophilic and keratinolytic fungi that cause skin and its annexes lesions in animals and man. T. tonsurans is an anthropophilic fungi, highly contagious, of rare presentation in our environment. Infection is acquired by interpersonal. Noninflammatory ringworm occurs in children and adults. Very rarely it causes highly inflammatory and suppurative ringworm of the scalp (Celsi kerion) associated with immunocompromised states. The kerion is caused by zoophilic dermatophytes. It represents an exaggerated host immune response to the presence of the fungus. This paper presents a case of T. tonsurans Kerion in a 4-year-old non-immunocompromised patient, who lives in rural area in the province. This is the first local case of severe inflammatory tinea capitis to T. tonsurans. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that T. tonsurans can cause Kerion not associated to immunocompromised. Furthermore, it shows its existence in the medium, which requires immediate diagnosis of the diseases and increase hygiene and disease control to prevent the spread of the fungus.

Effects of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes / Efeitos do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor no crescimento e na morfogênese de Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a fungus causative agent of dermatophytosis, affecting humans worldwide. This has driven the search for products for the treatment of these infections. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of the Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil against T. mentagrophytes. The antifungal tests consisted of antifungal screening, determination of MIC and MFC, analysis of the essential oil's effects on mycelial growth, germination of fungal spores, fungal viability, morphogenesis, cell wall (test with sorbitol) and cell membrane (cell leakage test) of T. mentagrophytes. Upon screening, the oil inhibited all strains, with zones of growth inhibition of 24-28 mm in diameter. The MIC was 312 μg/mL and CFM was 2500 μg/mL for almost all the strains tested. There were morphological changes in the conidia group, form and pigmentation of hyphae. The antifungal action of the product does not involve the cell wall and its action may involve the fungal plasma membrane. It is concluded that C. winterianus essential oil constitutes a potential antifungal product, especially for the treatment of dermatophytosis.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes é um fungo causador de dermatofitoses, afetando humanos em todo o mundo. Isto direciona a busca de produtos para o tratamento destas infecções. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus contra T. mentagrophytes. Os ensaios antifúngicos foram constituídos do screening antifúngico, da determinação CIM e CFM, da análise dos efeitos do óleo essencial no crescimento micelial, na germinação dos esporos, na viabilidade fúngica, na morfogênese, na parede celular (ensaio com sorbitol) e na membrana celular (ensaio de lise celular) de T. mentagrophytes. No screening, o óleo inibiu todas as cepas, com zonas de inibição de crescimento de 24-28 mm de diâmetro. A CIM foi de 312 μg/mL e a CFM foi de 2500 μg/mL para quase todas as cepas testadas. O óleo essencial inibiu o desenvolvimento micelial, a germinação dos esporos e a viabilidade fúngica. Houve alterações morfológicas no agrupamento dos conídios, na forma e pigmentação das hifas. A ação antifúngica do produto não envolve a parede celular e parece estar envolvida com a membrana celular fúngica. Pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de C. winterianus se apresenta como um potencial produto antifúngico, especialmente para o tratamento das dermatofitoses.

Agentes etiológicos de dermatomicosis aislados en pacientes de la ciudad de Concepción y comunas circunvecinas: año 2006 / Ethiologic agents of dermatomicosis isolated from patients at Concepcion and arounded locations: Chile 2006

Las dermatomicosis son infecciones causadas por hongos queratinofilicoss que infectan la piel, pelo y uñas y constituyen un motivo frecuente de consulta dermatológica. Con el propósito de determinar la prevalencia de agentes fúngicos causantes de dermatomicosis, se analizaron en forma retrospectiva los resultados obtenidos en muestras de pelo, piel y uñas de 664 pacientes con sospecha clínica de dermatomicosis, procedentes de consultas de la especialidad en la ciudad de Concepción, en el periodo comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2006. La edad de los pacientes fluctuó entre uno y 80 años. Se estudiaron 164 muestras de piel lampiña, sin considerar manos ni pies; 16 muestras palmares e interdigitales de mano; 51 muestras plantares e interdigitales de pie; 339 muestras de uñas de pies; 83 muestras de uñas de manos, y 11 muestras de cuero cabelludo. A todas las muestras se les realizaron examen microscópico directo con KOH tinta y cultivo en dos tipos de medios: agar Saboraud cloramfenicol y agar Saboraud cloramfenicol más cicloheximida. De las 664 muestras analizadas, resultaron 443 positivas para hongos (66,7%), de las cuales 412 (93%) fueron diagnosticadas por el examen directo; y 368 (83%) fueron positivas en el cultivo; en 31 muestras el diagnóstico sólo fue posible en el examen de cultivo, y en 44 el diagnóstico fue hecho a través del examen microscópico directo, no recuperándose el hongo en el cultivo. Las especies fúngicas aisladas en orden de frecuencia fueron: Trichophyton rubrum (73,4%); Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9,0%), Candida spp. (3,5%); Microsporum canis (2,4%); Epidermophyton floccosum (0,5%), Fusarium spp. (0,3%). Podemos concluir que la especie predominante en la población estidiada fue Trichophyton rubrum, que se presenta a todos los sitios topográficos estudiados. La frecuencia de aislamiento de cada especie fúngica varía según la localización...

Dermatomycoses are infections caused by fungus that affect skin, hair and nails, and represent a common cause of dermatologic consultations. In order to establish the type of fungi that cause these infections we analyzed 664 outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatomycoses during the year 2006. Age ranged from 1 to 80 years. We studied 164 samples of skin lesions, 16 palms and interdigital area; 51 soles and interdigital toenails, 339 to enails, 83 fingernails, and 11 from scalps AII samples were analyzed microscopically using KOH and were cultured in agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol, and agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol plus cycloheximide. Results: of a total 664 samples, 443 (66.7%) were positive for fungi, 412 (93%) through microscopic exam, 368 (83%) had a positive culture for fungi. In 33 samples the diagnosis was made only through culture and in 44 samples only through microscopic exam. The fungal species isolated and related to the area were. Trichophyton rubrum (73.4%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.0%), Candida spp. (3.5%), Microsporum canis (2.4%), Epidermophyton floccosum (0.5%), Fusarium spp (0.26%). We concluded that the frequency of each specie of fungi iso-lated varied with anatomical location, but the predominant species was Trichophyton rubrum and it was present in all anatomical sites studied. In general, these lab results agreed with clinical diagnosis.

Production of Trichophyton mentagrophytes antigens and their characterization in mice

The participation of dermatophytic antigens in the host-parasite balance is still poorly understood. One of the difficulties encountered by researchers is the lack of dominant and specific antigens that can be used in such studies. In order to contribute to a better understanding of this aspect of infection, the present study identifies antigen fractions obtained from exoantigen and cytoplasmic extracts of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of 13 proteins in the exoantigen extract, whose molecular weight ranged from 12.5 to 90 kDa. The cytoplasmic extract contained 18 protein fractions ranging from 11 to 110 kDa. Immunoblotting showed the presence of immunodominant antigens against IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. This affinity was observed in three proteins of the exoantigen extract and in three proteins of the cytoplasmic extract, with respective molecular weights of 33, 39 and 59, and 40, 55 and 82 kDa. These results are promising, especially when considering that these extracts contain antigenically distinct protein fractions which, once determined, may contribute to a better understanding of dermatophytoses, and may thus help in the development of alternative strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Presentation of dermatophyte lesions on different sites of adult cattle

Seventy cattle suspected to dermatophytosis were examined between March and April 2003. The samples were taken from different lesions by scraping method. Direct microscopic examination and culture were carried out. The mean of infection duration was 2 weeks. Forty-three cases were appeared with positive clinical signs of dermatophytosis and 27 cases were asymptomatic. The etiologic agent of the infection was only Trichophyton verrucosum. A significant relation was observed between the frequency of head and neck lesions and other sites. There was a significant difference between the frequency of head lesions and other sites. Since human dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton verrucosum have been reported repeatedly in Iran, it is necessary to design a preventive program such as developing an effective vaccine against dermatophytosis into the future

[Study of the types of dermatophytes infections in damascus and its countrydis, and the importance of fungal culture in diagnosis]

This study aims to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes infection in Damascus and Damascus countryside and the importance of fungal culture in diagnosis. A 2 years prospective study was carried out in 893 clinically suspected patients who were consulted by dermatologists and referred to the laboratory for KOH test and cultures to detect dermatophytes or yeast forms in the following sites: scalp, skin, hands nails, and feet nails, during the period between 2004 and 2006. High rates of dermatophytes infections were recorded in Damascus. Direct examination and culture method showed high rates of positive results for scalp, skin, hand and feet nails [31.9%, 67.7%, 48.2% 55.2% respectively]. The results showed that the most prevalence species in Damascus and its country side in the scalp are Microsporum audouini and trichphyton tonsurans, while in skin are Trichophyton Rubrum and Candida, then Epidermophyton floccosum. Wherase the most prevalence species in hands nails are Candida and Trichophyton then Aspergillus, however in feet nails are Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophytoninterdigitalis, then Candia. Prevalence of dermatophytes infections in Damascus showed to be of high importance. The culture method of scalps specimens for fungal diagnosis showed not to be necessary, however culture for skins was important, and of a great important for hands and feet nails

Tiña corporis y tiña capitis / Tinea corporis and tinea capitis

La tiña es una infección de la piel, piel cabelluda, uñas o pelo causada por hongos dermatofíticos que invaden el estrato corneo y usan la queratina como nutriente. Existen tres géneros de dermatofitos: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton y Microspurum.

Análisis fenotípico del complex Trichophyton rubrum en los medios de Sabouraud, Lactrimel y la técnica de Fischer & Kane: una experiencia regional / Phenotipic analysis of the Trichophyton rubrum complex in Sabouraud’ s dextrose agar, Lactrimel agar and the Fischer & Kane technique: A regional experience

Con el propósito de comparar el rendimiento y la eficiencia de los medios utilizados de rutina en el laboratorio de Micología para la identificación de las especies que integran el complex T. rubrum presentes en la V Región, Chile, seleccionamos: Agar glucosa Sabouraud (SDA), Agar Lactrimel (AL) y el medio sólido leche, glucosa, adicionado con el indicador de púrpura de bromocresol (Fischer & Kane, 1971) (BCP-MS-G). Estos fueron probados en 304 cepas consideradas como T. rubrum en el medio SDA, provenientes de pacientes dermatológicos. Los parámetros que se consideraron fueron rango de crecimiento, pigmentación al reverso de las colonias y presencia de fructificaciones. Las variedades del complex identificadas fueron T. rubrum var. algodonosa (72,4 por ciento) y T. rubrum var. granular (14,5 por ciento) además de integrantes del complex T. mentagrophytes (13,2 por ciento) que no se consideraron en el estudio. La zona anatómica más afectada fueron las uñas de los pies (80,7 por ciento). La fructificación en los 3 medios fue considerada como el gold standard y en base a este criterio se estableció su sensibilidad y especificidad, obteniéndose para la var. granular una especificidad de un 100, 98,6 y 83,9 por ciento en BCP-MS-G, AL y SDA, respectivamente. Para la var. algodonosa, la mayor sensibilidad se obtuvo en BCP-MS-G (71,9 por ciento), pero con una nula especificidad, por lo que se sugiere considerar el rango de crecimiento limitado a los 7 días y la pigmentación al reverso de la colonia en este medio. La identificación fue complementada con la prueba de la ureasa, que fue 100 por ciento negativa para todo el complex T. rubrum. Se sugiere el uso del medio de Fischer & Kane en conjunto con AL y SDA para diferenciar las variedades de este complex.

The following media Sabouraud·s dextrose agar (SDA), Lactrimel Agar and BCP-Milk solids glucose agar(Fischer & Kane, 1971) (BCP-MS-G) were selected to evaluate the performance and the efficiency of the routine media used in mycological laboratory with the purpose of identifying the species that conformed T. rubrum complex in the V Region of Chile. These were tested in 304 strains considered as T. rubrum in the SDA media, obtained from dermatological patients. The following parameters were used: the radial growth of the colonies,the pigmentation at the back of the plates and the presence of fructification. T. rubrum variety downy (72,4 percent and T. rubrum variety granular (14,5 percent) were the only variants identified and T. mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard (13,2 percent), that were not consider in this study. The mosts affected anatomic zones were the toe nails (68,9 percent). In the three media used, we considered the presence of fructifications as the gold standard and based on this criteria we evaluated the sensibility and specificity of them.For the variant granular we obtained a specificity of 100, 98,6 y 83,9 percent en BCP-MS-G, AL y SDA, respectively. For the variant downy, the greatest specificity was obtained in BCP-MS-G 71,9 percent,but with a null specificity, a cause of this situation we propose to considerer the restricted radial growth of colonies on the seventh day and the red pigmentation at the back of the plates in this media. The identification of the complex was complemented by theurea test, that was negative for the whole complex. The use of Fischer and Kane media in combination with AL and SDA is suggested for the differentiation of the varieties of this complex.

Onicomicosis en pacientes pediátricos / Onychomycosis in pediatric patients

La onicomicosis es menos frecuente en niños que en adultos, aumentando su prevalencia hacia la adolescencia. Se relaciona con tinea pedis o manum y con infección concomitante de un adulto en la casa. Es considerada una enfermedad multifactorial. Los principales agentes etiológicos son Trichophyton rubrum y Trichophyton mentagrophytes; sin embargo, una búsqueda activa del agente causal es muy importante. Cuando el compromiso ungueal es moderado a severo, se debe tratar con terapiaoral. Los nuevos antifúngicos orales para el tratamiento de la onicomicosis son Itraconazol, Terbinafina y Fluconazol, los cuales parecen ser alternativas efectivas y seguras. En este artículo revisaremos la prevalencia, presentación clínica, principales opciones terapéuticas y diagnóstico diferencial de la onicomicosis pediátrica.

Etiologic agents of dermatophyte infection in Lebanon

Dermatophytes are common and cause important human fungal infections in many parts of the world, including Lebanon. The prevalence of these fungi, however, tends to vary with time and geographic location. In our region, studies on the prevalence of dermatophytoses and the distribution of the various dermatophyte species involved are rare. In Lebanon, only one study was published on this subject over the last forty years. This study was undertaken to shed light on the types and prevalence of dermatophytes recovered at the American University of Beirut Medical Center [AUBMC], and to compare the findings with those of the only study from the same hospital published in the early 1960s. Records from the clinical microbiology section were reviewed for the patients on whom dermatophyte cultures were requested between 1996 and 2002. All positive cultures were identified and analyzed. Among 1631 submitted specimens for culture [one per patient], 208 [12.7%] yielded 11 species of dermatophytes, dominated by Trichophyton spp. [89.9%], followed by Microsporum spp. [9.1%], Epidermophyton floccosum [0.4%] and Trichosporum beigelii [0.4%]. The male to female ratio was almost 1:1, and the age range was 1 to 77 yrs for both sexes 14% were children [

Etiology of tinea corporis in Karachi

To find out the demographic distribution and species of dermatophytes causing tinea corporis in Karachi, Pakistan. Design: Prospective study. Place And Duration: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from September 2000 to August, 2001. Subjects and Ninety-nine patients having skin infections [clinically suspected cases of tinea corporis] were examined. The skin scraping were taken from active border of the lesions and subjected to direct microscopy and culture on mycobiotic agar [Difco] for isolation of dermatophytes. Various special media were used for species identification. Tinea corporis was generally predominantly seen in adult [74.8%] than in adolescent [14%] and children [11.1%]. Out of 99 cases 53 [53.5%] were males and 46 [46.5%] were females. Tinea corporis was relatively more common in males. 48 strains were recovered out of these 29 [60.4%] strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 09 [18.7%] strains of Epidermophyton [floccosum], 08 strains of Trichophyton violaecum and two strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tinea corporis was relatively more common in males. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophytes. Species identification is necessary to prevent spread of infection and choice of appropriate antifungal agent

effect of proteinases [Keratinases] in the pathogenesis of dermatophyte infection using scanning electron microscope

To study the inter-relationship between the stratum corneum of host and the fungal micro- organisms using scanning electron microscopy for a complete understanding of the host parasite relationship. Setting: The patients attended the outpatients of Department of Dermatology, King Abdul Aziz Hospital Makkah. The isolation and identification was carried out at the Department of Mycology University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, U.K. Material and Skin surface biopsies were obtained from two patients suffering from tinea cruris infection. One patient was infected with Trichophyton rubrum and the other with Epidermophyton floccosum strains. The scanning electron microphotographs obtained from two patients showed a large number of villi in the infected area. The fungal hyphae were seen to be placed intercellularly as well seem to be transversing through the corneocytes in many places. From the results observed in this study it could be suggested that the secretion of proteinases from the fungal hyphae together with the mechanical force of the invading organisms in vivo might be playing part in the invasion of the organisms

Eficacia de la terbinafina en solución al 1 por ciento (Lamisil) en el tratamiento de la tinea pedis interdigital / Efficacy of 1 percent terbinafine solution (Lamisil) in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis

La terbinafina (Lasimil) es una alilamina de efecto fungicida contra los dermatofitos, cuyo uso oral y tópico ha sido ampliamente demostrado. Es necesario contar con nuevas formas farmacéuticas del producto que permitan su aplicación en forma fácil y con buena aceptación y adherencia por parte del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia y tolerabilidad de la formulación en solución al 1 por ciento de terbinafina (Lamisil) en tinea pedis interdigital. Se incluyeron pacientes de acuerdo a los criterios de selección del protocolo, los que fueron tratados por siete días con una aplicación diaria del medicamento y examinados a los 7, 14, 28 y 42 días. Se tomaron muestras para examen directo y cultivo en cada control. Se analizaron 49 pacientes que recibieron al menos una dosis del medicamento, y los hongos identificados en ellos fueron T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes o E. floccossum. A los siete días, se obtuvo éxito terapéutico en el 24,5 por ciento de los pacientes, que aumentó a 90,9 por ciento a los 42 días. El prurito, eritema t descamación desaparecieron progresivamente y hubo un alto porcentaje de pacientes asintomáticos al día 42. Sólo 2 pacientes refirieron prurito con la aplicación del fármaco. Se concluye que la solución de terbinafina al 1 por ciento es altamente eficaz en el tratamiento de la tinea pedis al ser usada por siete días y con muy buena tolerabilidad

Pathogenicity of some keratinophilic fungi isolated from the soil from the soil of khairpur, sindh, Pakistan

Some keratinophilic fungi were tested for pathogenicity in rabbits. It was observed after pathogenicity test that among ten isolates, only four species such as Microsporum nanum, Arthroderrna cuniculi, Trichophyton equinum, and Chrysosporium asperatum showed ineffective reaction to a certain extent and were found to be potentially pathogenic to rabbits

Granuloma de Wilson-Majocchi / Majocchi's granuloma

El granuloma tricofítico de Majocchi-Wilson es una foliculitis con perifoliculitis granulomatosa dérmica, producida por dermatofitos. Su expresión clínica puede variar en función del estado inmune del paciente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente transplantada renal, inmunosuprimida, que desarrolló una dermatofitosis extensa, sobre la que se produjeron múltiples granulomas tricofíticos. Revisión del tema